The evidence

A documented problem.
A solvable one.

Missed appointments cost health systems hundreds of millions every year. The research on what prevents them is clear. This page sets out the numbers — and what they mean.

Ireland
525,000
missed outpatient appointments in Ireland last year
HSE / FOI data
Ireland
€67m
in wasted clinical time annually — €129 per missed appointment
HSE valuation, January 2026
United Kingdom
8 million
missed NHS outpatient appointments in 2023–24
NHS England
United Kingdom
£1.2bn
annual cost of missed appointments to the NHS
NHS England 2023–24

525,000 missed appointments a year. €129 each. None of it inevitable.

Ireland's health system loses more than €67 million every year to missed outpatient appointments — roughly 525,000 in total, or around 10,000 every week. The HSE formally values each missed appointment at €129, based on the clinical time and administrative resource it consumes.

DNA rates — "did not attend" — vary significantly across the system. At some hospitals they exceed 19–20%. That means one in five booked slots produces no clinical output: no patient seen, no list reduced, no waiting time recovered.

Meanwhile, more than 700,000 people are on acute hospital waiting lists. Every wasted slot is a slot that someone on that list needed. The connection between missed appointments and waiting list length is direct and measurable — which is why the Department of Health and the HSE have both begun treating this as a priority intervention target.

Policy context

The HSE Outpatient DNA Strategy (June 2023) mandates SMS reminders as part of standard outpatient practice. Reducing missed appointments is not a discretionary goal — it is now a stated operational requirement across the system.

13%
Reduction in DNA rates from behaviourally informed SMS reminders, found by Department of Health research — with the potential to save €11.6 million annually if adopted nationally.
Department of Health Ireland — Better Letter Initiative (2024)
€360m
Allocated to the 2024 Waiting List Action Plan — the broader envelope in which missed appointment reduction sits as one of the most cost-effective interventions available.
Department of Health Ireland — Waiting List Action Plan (2024)
19–20%
DNA rates at the worst-performing hospitals — nearly one in five appointments missed. The national average conceals significant variation that targeted reminder strategies can address.
HSE / FOI-sourced hospital-level data
2,500+
HSE staff currently using Diarybook across hospitals and primary care centres in Ireland — evidence that the platform operates at real HSE scale.
Diarybook deployment data

8 million missed appointments. £1.2 billion a year. One of the most solvable problems in the NHS.

£165
Cost to the NHS of each missed outpatient appointment — clinical time, administration, and wasted resource combined.
NHS England / Esendex analysis (2024)
£8.2m
Average annual cost to a single NHS trust from missed appointments alone — a recurring, unbudgeted drain on clinical capacity.
NHS England (2023–24)
10% → 4%
One NHS trust's DNA rate reduction — achieved by optimising reminder timing alone, without changing any other part of the appointment process.
NHS intervention research

The NHS missed appointment problem is larger in absolute terms than Ireland's — but the underlying dynamics are identical. Patients forget. Life intervenes. They don't show up. And the system absorbs the cost silently, appointment by appointment, trust by trust.

What distinguishes the UK evidence base is the quality of intervention research. Multiple NHS trusts have run controlled experiments on reminder timing, message content, and channel selection. The findings are consistent: well-designed, behaviourally informed reminders reduce DNA rates by up to 30% — at a marginal cost that makes the intervention one of the highest-returning in the NHS toolkit.

One trust reduced its DNA rate from 10% to 4% by changing nothing except when its reminders were sent. No new software. No change to booking processes. Just the right message at the right moment.

The NHS Long Term Plan identifies outpatient transformation as a priority. Reducing unnecessary attendances and improving the efficiency of those that do happen — including by ensuring booked appointments are actually kept — is central to that agenda. Diarybook is built to deliver exactly that.

Reminders work. The details determine how well.

The evidence on missed appointment reduction is extensive and consistent. What separates good interventions from great ones is timing, channel, and message design — the three variables Diarybook is built to optimise.

Up to 30%
Reduction from optimised SMS reminders
Behavioural messaging interventions — reminders sent at the right time, with the right framing — have been shown to reduce missed appointment rates by up to 30% at minimal cost. The key variables are timing and message content, not channel alone.
NHS / Deep Medical intervention research
13%
Reduction from behaviourally informed reminders in Ireland
The Department of Health's Better Letter Initiative (2024) found that applying behavioural science principles to SMS reminder design reduced DNA rates by 13% — equivalent to €11.6 million in annual savings if adopted across the whole HSE system.
Department of Health Ireland — Better Letter Initiative (2024)
10% → 4%
DNA rate halved through timing optimisation alone
A single NHS trust achieved a sustained reduction in its DNA rate from 10% to 4% by adjusting when reminders were sent — without changing any other element of its appointment or communication process. Timing is the highest-leverage variable.
NHS trust case study (via NHS intervention research)

Diarybook is already doing this work. Configurable reminder timing — per clinic, department, and service provider — is a core feature of the platform, not an add-on. The evidence on what works is built into how Diarybook is designed.

Sources
1 Department of Health Ireland — Better Letter Initiative (2024)
2 HSE Outpatient DNA Strategy (June 2023)
3 Irish Times / Irish Country Living — FOI-sourced HSE DNA figures
4 Donegal News — HSE €129 per missed appointment valuation (January 2026)
5 IHCA — Hospital waiting list figures (2024)
6 NHS England — Missed appointments data (2023–24)
7 Esendex UK — NHS DNA cost analysis (2024)
8 Deep Medical / Business News Today — NHS intervention research

The evidence is clear. So is the next step.

Diarybook is already reducing missed appointments across HSE hospitals and private healthcare organisations in Ireland and the UK. Getting started takes minutes.